美国出入口管理策略——聚集城市土地开发与交通

Access Management: a focus of urban land development and transportation

出入口是城市道路的重要节点,也往往是交通事故频发和造成延误的道路瓶颈点,从优化出入口交通运营的角度改善城市交通是一条切实有效的途径。基于对交通与土地利用互动性关系的深刻理解,遵循出入口管理的基本原则,探讨了如何对城市地块进行土地利用管理,并深入研究了区域性地块的出入口规划设计问题。提出要改善城市交通问题必须重视城市土地利用管理,借鉴美国的城市规划策略,建立区划和地块细分法规;重视公众参与有助于明确交通需求和便于日后进一步管理。在出入口规划设计方面,也要在细致考虑出入口选址的基础上从局域交通组织的角度对出入口细部进行优化。

Access points of local land-use to urban streets are key locations where delays and traffic accidents occur frequently. It is recognized that optimization of traffic operations at these access points is an effective approach to improve urban street traffic situation. From a deep understanding of the interrelations of land-use and transportation, and following the fundamental principles of access management, the authors explore how to manage land parcels through a close look at issues related with access planning and design. The authors argue that taking advantage of urban planning strategies of the United States, such as regulating land development on lots participation in land-use activities, and subdivisions, promoting public helps in identifying future travel demands as well as in future travel demand management. For access planning and design, it is advisable that, while selecting locations for access points, every details of the access driveway should be well addressed to fit in the local traffic environment.