51例儿童血液病患者膳食营养状况调查

Investigation on nutritional intakes for hospitalized children with blood disease

目的了解同期住院儿童血液病患者的膳食结构及营养状况,进行正确合理的膳食指导,制定切实可行的膳食治疗方案,促进疾病的恢复。方法采用24 h膳食回顾和连续7 d膳食记录法,指导患儿家长按照范例详细记录其连续7 d早、中、晚三餐及加餐的食物种类和数量;用膳食数据库计算患者膳食中各种营养素的摄入量后进行评价。结果大部分患儿能量及蛋白质的摄入不足,平均摄入量分别为1825.81千卡/标准人日及67.68 g标/准人日,各占推荐摄入量的73.62%及81.34%;各病种之间维生素摄入差别较大,其中维生素E、核黄素摄入相对充足,维生素A、硫胺素、维生素C摄入不足;矿物质中钙、锌摄入严重不足,铁、硒摄入相对充足;能量及大多数其他各种营养素来源较合理。结论该期住院的血液病大部分患儿的能量、蛋白质、维生素A、硫胺素、维生素C、钙、锌摄入水平较低,膳食结构及营养素的摄入情况有待进一步改善。

Objective To investigate the diet and nutritional status of hospitalized children with blood disease in order to provide nutritional guidelines. Methods The patients＇ daily dietary intakes, including breakfast, lunch, dinner and additional meals, were recorded in detail for seven consecutive days. The intake amount of various nutrients was calculated using the dietary database. Results The majority of children with blond disease showed inadequate intakes of calories [ mean 1 825.81 kCal/d, 73.62% of the recommended intake （RNI） ] and protein （ mean 67.68 g/d, 81.34% of RNI）. Intakes of vitamin E and riboflavin were adequate, but intakes of vitamin A, thiamine and vitamin C （66.67% , 77.78% and 69.89% of RNI, respectively） were inadequate. Iron and selenium intakes were adequate, but calcinm and zinc intakes （41.11% and 56.21% of RNI, respectively） were grossly inadequate. Conclusions Hospitalized children with blood disease had decreased dietary intakes of calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, calcium and zinc. The dietary pattern and nutritional intake need to be improved.