以肾小管酸中毒为首发表现的儿童恶性淋巴瘤

Renal tubular acidosis as an initial manifestation in children with malignant lymphoma

原发性肾淋巴瘤是原发于淋巴结以外的一种恶性淋巴瘤,罕见于儿童。该文报道2例以肾小管酸中毒为首发表现,以肾组织穿刺病理确诊的儿童原发性肾淋巴瘤。2例皆以"多饮、多尿、乏力、呕吐、贫血"为主要症状,双肾肿大,伴低钾、低钙、低磷,代谢性酸中毒等。1例放弃治疗,另外1例经泼尼松、长春新碱、阿糖胞苷+L天-冬氨酰胺酶(PVA+L-ASP)方案化疗,联合氨甲喋呤、地塞米松、阿糖胞苷鞘内注射、纠酸、补钾、输血及对症支持治疗后,多饮多尿症状缓解,内环境稳定,复查肾B超无异常发现。一旦怀疑该型恶性淋巴瘤,应尽快肾组织穿刺病理确诊,早期采取综合治疗,包括手术、化疗与放疗、支持疗法等。

Objective Primary renal lymphoma is one of the malignant lymphomas that initially presents in the extra lymphonode, which is rarely seen in children. This study reported two cases of primary renal lymphoma in children who were definitively diagnosed by renal biopsy. Renal tubular acidosis was the initial manifestation in both cases. They were referred to the hospital with chief complaints of polydipsia, polyuria, debilitation, vomiting and anemia. Imaging and laboratory examinations showed bilateral renomegaly, hypocaleemia, hypophosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis. One of the patients discontinued therapy. The other received chemotherapy including prednisone, vincristine, cytarabine and L- asparaginase, combined with intrathecal injections of methotrexate, dexamethasone and Ara-C and supporting treatment. Twenty-three days after treatment, polydipsia and polyuria were relieved, and acidosis, kaliopenia and anemia were improved in the patient. There were no abnormal findings in the renal B-ultrasound re-examination. It was concluded that when a patient is suspected of renal lymphoma, diagnostic puncture and renal biopsy should be performed early. Early combined therapeutics including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and supporting treatments may result in a favorable prognosis in patients with this disease.