AB-QTL分析法及在水稻优异基因资源发掘和利用中的应用

Application of AB-QTL to Exploiting and Utilizing the Elite Genes in Wild Rice

野生稻是水稻育种的重要种质资源,在其漫长的进化过程中形成了极其丰富的遗传多样性,具有栽培稻所不具有或己消失了的优良基因。利用分子标记技术从野生稻中发掘有利基因是目前稻种资源研究利用中的重点。由于野生稻总的农艺性状表现劣于栽培稻,在实际研究中受到了许多不利因素(不良农艺性状和不利连锁基因的存在、平衡群体中野生稻种较高的不利基因频率、遗传累赘等)的影响,这对野生稻种资源中优异基因的发掘和利用带来了困难。高代回交QTL分析法(advanced backcross QTL analysis,简称AB-QTL)为实现野生种中有利基因的发掘提供了一个新途径,许多研究表明AB-QTL分析法对野生资源中有利基因的发掘是可行的。本文对AB-QTL分析法的理论基础、特性、渗入系构建及其在野生稻遗传分化和产量基因发掘中的应用进行综述,并就今后的研究重点进行了探讨。

Wild rice is an important germplasm resource for rice improvement and rice breeding program. It has been formed abundant genetic diversity during the process of evolution from common wild rice to cultivated rice and conserves a lot of specific genes presently not available or has been vanished in the cultivated rice. To exhume elite genes of wild rice is the focal point using the molecular market in germplasm resource of rice. Due to the character of wild rice is inferior to cultivated rice that some infaust factors （to exist badness agricultural character and bad linkage genes; upper infaust gene frequency of wild rice in balanced population; genetic drag et al.） impacted the utilization presently, and these bring some difficulties to find the elite gene of germplasm resource of wild rice. Advanced backcross QTL analysis （for short AB-QTL） is a novel approach to find the elite genes in wilding; also some results indicated AB-QTL analysis is feasible to find the available genes. This paper will make the summary on the theory, characteristic, development of introgression lines, and Application of AB-QTL to find genetic differentiation genes and yield genes in wild rice. The focus is also discussed for the future.