温州社区空巢老人生活质量及影响因素调查分析

Quality of Life of the Empty Nest Elderly in Wenzhou City and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解社区空巢老人生活质量及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法采用整群抽样法抽取温州城区314名空巢和342名非空巢老人,采用健康测量量表(SF-36)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)及自行设计的人口学资料问卷入户调查。结果空巢老人与非空巢老人人口学资料中年龄、婚姻状况、居住形式、月收入、负性生活经历及慢性疾病等比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),SF-36量表中生理功能、躯体疼痛比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、居住形式、月收入、医疗付费方式、负性生活经历、慢性疾病及兴趣爱好等均不同程度地影响空巢老人的生活质量(P<0.05,P<0.01),社会支持与空巢老人的生理功能、生理职能、社会功能、情感职能呈正相关(均P<0.01),与躯体疼痛,总体健康呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论空巢老人生活质量呈中等偏低水平,生理功能较非空巢老人差,社会支持与空巢老人的生活质量密切相关;通过政府主导、全社会参与,健全服务体系,有望提高空巢老人,尤其是无配偶、独居、文化程度低、经济收入差、缺乏社会支持的空巢老人的生活质量。

Objective To investigate quality of life of the empty nest elderly in Wenzhou city and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for administration. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Items Short-Form for Health Survey （SF-36）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）, and self-made demographic questionnaire in 314 empty nest older adults and 342 non-empty nest counterparts by cluster sampling in Wenzhou city. Results Age, marital status, residence style, monthly income, negative life experience and chronic diseases showed significances between the empty nest elderly and the non-empty nest counterparts （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; physical functioning and bodily pain in SF-36 also had significance in the above two groups （P〈0.05, P〈0.01） ; Quality of life of the empty nest elderly were influenced by the following factors; gender, age, education background, marital status, occupation, residence style, monthly income, style of medicine payment, negative life experience, chronic diseases and interests （P〈0.05,P〈0.01）. There were positive correlations between social support and physical functioning, as well as role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning and role limitations due to emotional problems （P〈0.01 for all）, and there were remarkable negative correlations with bodily pain and general health （P〈 0. 05,P〈0. 01）, Conclusion The quality of life of the empty nest elderly is at middle or lower level and physical functioning is worse than non-empty nest counterparts. Social support is highly correlated with quality of life. Policy-oriented interventions, participation of the whole society and whole health care system can promote their quality of life, especially for those with no spouse, low education level, poor income and deficiency of social support.