论日本明治时期伦理观念的变化及其特征

The Changes and Features of Ethics in Meiji Time in Japan

明治时期是日本国民近代伦理观念的形成时期。它主要可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段指的是明治初年到明治20年代初,这一时期伴随着启蒙运动和自由民权运动,欧洲文化在日本的传播使日本传统伦理体系土崩瓦解。第二阶段指的是明治20年代,这一时期是日本社会对欧化主义风潮加以反思的时期,传统的伦理道德以国粹主义为表现试图向主流社会伦理思潮复归。第三阶段指的是明治30年代,这一时期《大日本帝国宪法》和《教育敕语》的颁布标志着日本近代伦理观念的形成。

Meiji Time （1868-1912） is the formative period of modern national ethics in Japan. The formation can be divided into three stages： the first stage is from the early Meiji to the 20^th year of Meiji. European cultures spread in Japan while the traditional ethics collapsed; the second stage is during 1880＇ s. It was a period of reflection. Traditional ethics was treated as Japanese essence of culture and gradually joined the mainstream. The third stage is during the 30^th year of Meiji. The promulgation of ＂Great Japanese Imperial Constitution＂and ＂The Imperial Rescript on Education＂marked modern＇ethics had formed at last.