文登市农村宅基地整理潜力调查及类型划分

Potential for Rural Housing Land Consolidation in Wendeng County,Shandong

宅基地整理的潜力测算是农村居民点整理的必要环节,也是顺利开展农村居民点整理的重要前提。在实地调研和对大量相关资料分析的基础上,总结出文登市农村宅基地利用现状的特点为农村宅基地闲置总体比重偏高、宅基地密度低和一户多宅现象普遍,并对其闲置状况的成因机制进行了分析。据此,将文登市农村宅基地整理的潜力类型分为人口减少型、居民点粗放型、一户多宅型和宅基地面积超占型等4种类型;再通过选取可能造成农村宅基地闲置的10个因素,运用因子分析法,将文登市各镇的农村居民点整理潜力,划分为其中的一类或两种类型结合的混合型。结果显示:在18个镇(办事处)中,1个镇属人口减少型,3个镇属居民点粗放型,3个镇属一户多宅型,2个镇属宅基地面积超占型,剩下的9个镇属复合型;在文登市宅基地总闲置面积的比例中,单因素型镇所占的比例为61.15%,复合型镇的比例为38.85%。这种区分宅基地整理潜力不同成因的方法,可以为居民点整理提供科学的参考依据。

Cultivated land in China was reduced by 115 × 10^4 hm^2 from 1984 to 2006 due to continued population growth and rapid urbanization. In this context, the Chinese government has taken measures to limit the conversion of farmland and increase the quantity of cultivated land to ensure national food security and sustainable socio-economic development. One aspect of this is that the government promotes and encourages land consolidation in rural and urban areas. Rural housing land consolidation （RHLC） is an effective measure to protect arable land and increase the quantity of land available for construction and economic development. This study is based on investigations and field surveys in Wendeng County in the eastern Shandong peninsula in Shandong province, which has a total area of 1779.84km^2 and 39.3 × 10^4 rural residents. Idle housing land in each village ranges from 3.37% to 17.34%, with an average of 8.95%. The density of housing land in rural villages is low, constituting 31.1% to 52.7 % of village land, with an average of 36.6%. Also, there are an average 1.2 houses per household. We analyzed the causes of idle housing land, and divided the potential for RHLC into 4 types： population reduction, extensive use, decrease in residential area, and shrinking of RHL. We then chose 10 factors which might cause idle RHL and using factor analysis, we classified the potential for RHLC of 18 towns in Wendeng County into one or two of the 4 types. The distribution for RHLC potential of the 18 towns was： 1-population reduction ; 2-extensive use; 3-decrease in residential area; 2-shrinking of RHL pattern; and 9 which had two types of consolidation potential. The area of idle housing land in single- factor towns totaled 61.15% of all idle housing land. These research results will help to facilitate the reorganization of rural residential land, and may advance appropriate policies for utilization and consolidation of different land types.