针对老年人群的中国膳食平衡指数尝试性调整与应用

Preliminary exploration and application of Chinese diet balance index for elderly persons

目的建立适合中国老年人群的膳食平衡指数(DBI),为综合评价该人群的膳食质量提供评价工具,并初步验证其有效性。方法根据老年人的营养需要特点,调整2005年中国DBI的部分单项指标定义和计分取值而成,并利用建立的评分系统对177名住养老机构60岁以上老年人的3天膳食质量进行评价。结果该DBI评价系统总体上可反映绝大多数食物种类和营养成分摄入的实际状况,并可综合反映膳食中各营养素摄入不足、过量和不平衡状况的方向和程度。样本人群膳食总体摄入不足,性别、年龄和伙食费对膳食质量均有影响,影响该人群膳食质量的食物种类主要是奶类豆类、蔬菜水果、食用油和动物性食物。结论采用该针对老年人群的中国膳食平衡指数基本能反映老年人群的膳食质量,并能发现存在的主要问题。

Objective To establish diet balance index （DBI） for Chinese elderly population that a measure of dietary quality was developed to comprehensively assess the eating pattern for them, and examine the validity of the DBI. Methods Aimed at key points of nutrition requirement for the older adults, the approached DBI for the Chinese elderly persons was adapted from selection food components and scoring schemes of 2005 Chinese DBI, and it was applied to measure the three- day diet quality of 177 participants over the age of 60 living in rest-homes for the elderly. Results The DBI scoring and evaluating system could embody the actual intake of most food groups and nutrients, and synthetically reflect the direction and degrees of deficient intake, excessive intake and inbalanced status of nutrient intake. On the whole, intakes of diets of sample subjects were inadequate. Gender, age and fare expenses could affect the diet quality, and the leading impact factors of food groups on diet quality occurred for dairy products, legumes, vegetables, fruits, edible oil and meats. Conclusion The DBI for the Chinese elderly persons could summarily be measured the diet quality of the study persons. The major problems of the dietary pattern presented herein should be found .