黄河下游引黄灌区渠系工程技术问题及解决对策

Technical problems with canal system in water diversion irrigation districts in lower reaches of the Yellow River and countermeasares

受黄河流域水沙条件变化影响,加之小浪底水库建成运行,黄河下游河道的水沙条件越来越受人为控制,基本失去了自然河道的特性,引黄灌区引水条件明显改变,灌区设计流量输水概率越来越少,长时间小流量引水概率越来越大。目前灌区渠系设计改造和建设方式,仍然沿用传统的设计流量下的输水输沙设计模式,与当前的黄河下游水沙条件和灌区区域发展的需求不适应。大量的续建和配套改造工程投入后,渠系仍不能达到有效的水沙配置需要,甚至使供水保证率和经济产出率下降,沙化和环境负面影响增加,亟待研究提出更加合理科学的渠系改造和管理运行模式。

Due to the changes of sedimentation conditions in the Yellow River Basin and operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, water and sediment in river courses in the lower reaches of the Yellow River turn to be controlled largely by man and nearly lost its features of nature river course. As a result, the condition for water diversion in the irrigation districts has been changed as the designed flow becomes much smaller than before. Currently, the design and construction of the canal system still follow the traditional model that was inadaptable to the present water and sand condition and future development of irrigation district. Although investment has been made for the expansion and rehabilitation of the irrigation districts, the guarantee rate of water supply and economic return are declined, with more negative impact of desertification and environment degradation. Therefore it is urgent to find a feasible model for canal system rehabilitation and operation.