节能降耗,任重道远——漫长的循环经济之路

Saving Energy and Decreasing Consumption Has a Long Way to Go

"十五"期间,我国国民经济保持高速增长,但是,高能耗、高物耗、污染重的粗放经济增长方式没有得到根本转变。在工业领域,能源消费超常规增长,能源结构仍然以煤炭为主,能源消耗量大,污染物排放量大。而生态农业建设虽然部分地缓解了农村经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾,但其只是在低层次上实现了物质能量的循环,废弃物利用率较低,有机农业发展缓慢。如果继续沿袭传统的以资源的大量消耗为代价实现工农业现代化的发展模式,是难以持续的。为了减轻经济增长对资源供给的压力,必须大力发展循环经济,实现资源的高效利用和循环利用。本文从六个方面分析了目前我国发展循环经济的主要措施、存在的问题及解决的途径:加强对太阳能的利用,重视多晶硅规模生产技术的自主研发;发展风力发电,培育风电设备制造产业;利用秸秆发电,发展可部分替代传统化石能源的生物质能源;推动以节能、节地、节水、节材和环保为核心的绿色建筑技术发展;节水与集雨;加强土壤污染监测与防治,通过人工方法修复天然的生态系统。通过分析,作者认为,发展循环经济是缓解资源约束矛盾、节能降耗的根本出路,在我国任重而道远。

China＇s National Economy has maintained successive and rapid growth in the Period of ＂the Tenth-Five Year Plan＂. But the extensive mode of economic growth, which has the feature of high energy and material consumption and heavy pollution, has not been changed. In the industrial field, energy consumption extraordinarily increased. Coal still played a chief role in the energy structure. While a lot of energy was consumed, a large quantity of pollutants discharged. Some eco-agricultural constructions have partially mitigated the conflicts between rural economic development and environmental protection, but the material and energy recycling only achieved at a low level. At the same time, the development of organic agriculture was relatively slow. If we continue to follow the traditional mode to achieve the industrial and agricultural modernization at the expense of large amounts of resources consumption, the economic development will be unsustainable. To alleviate the pressure of economic growth on the supply of resources, the circular economy must be developed to make efficient and recyclable use of resources. In this article several possible ways to develop such a circular economy for China were analyzed, including： solar energy utilization, wind power development, straw electricity technology, energy saving and green construction technology, water saving and rainwater collection, soil pollution monitoring and prevention and natural ecosystems restoring through artificial means. The author concludes that as a fundamental way to mitigate restrictions of resources, save energy and reduce resources consumption, cyclical economy is an arduous task for China, and a long way to go before success.