1Chang MH, Hsu HY, Huang LM, et al. The role transplacental hepatitis B core antibody in the mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus. J Hepatol, 1996, 24:674-679.
2Wang JS, Zhu QR. Infection of the fetus with hepatitis B e antigen via the placenta. Lancet, 2000, 355:989.
3Torbenson M, Thomas DL. Occult hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis, 2002, 2:479-486.
4Reifenberg K, Deutschle T, Wild J, et al. The hepatitis B virus e antigen cannot pass the murine placenta efficiently and does not induce CTL immune tolerance in H-2b mice in utero. Virology, 1998, 243:45-53.
5Merkle H, Deutschle T, Gastrock-Balitsch I, et al. H-2b mice born to and reared by HBeAg-transgenic mothers do not develop T cell tolerance toward the hepatitis B virus core gene products. Virology, 2000, 273:149-159.