国内外树种引种试验研究

Introduction Experiments on Tree Species from Home and Abroad such as Shepherdia argentea

[目的]丰富内蒙古自治区的树种资源，改变树种和林种的单一性。[方法]对银水牛果等6科12属24种国内外树种进行了引种试验，利用统计软件分析了各生态因子的田间观测数据。[结果]引种区（呼和浩特）与原产区（美国西部、北京、开原）生境因子关联度分别为0．7760、0．8064和0．8668。造林成活率最高的是银水牛果（98．2％），最低的是毛核木（77．6％），9个造林成活率较高的树种的病虫害受害率仅为1％-3％，无防寒措施保存率均达到90％以上。造林后1年，鞑靼忍冬的高生长优势明显（92．3cm），暴马丁香和北京丁香的高生长量较大（78．9和78．5cm），美国红秽和水曲柳的抗逆性和适应性较强（保存率99％以上，枯梢率0）。六月中到七月末是北美稠李、毛核木和西洋丁香的高生长高峰期。[结论]引种的银水牛果等24个树种基本适应引入区的气候、土壤等等件，具有实际应用价值。

[Objective] The study aimed to enrich tree species resources in Inner Mongolia autonomous region and change the singleness of tree species and forest type. [ Method] Twenty-four tree species from 12 genres in 6 families including Shepherdia argentea were used in the introduction experiment and the field observation data of various ecological factors were analyzed by using statistical software. [ Result ] The relational degrees between habitat factors of introduction area （Huhhot） and origin producing areas of western America, Beijing and Kaiyuan were 0.776 0, 0.806 4 and 0.866 8 resp. The afforesting survival rate of S. argentea was highest （98.2%） and that of Symphor/carpos s/nens/s was lowest （77.6%）. The damage percentages caused by diseases and pests of the 9 tree species with higher afforesting survival rate were only 1% - 3% and their preserving rates without cold-proof measures exceeded 90%. In 1 year after afforestation, the advantage in height growth of Lonicera tatarica was significant （92.3 cm）, the growth increments in height of Syringe reticulate and Syringa pekinensis were bigger （78.9 and 78.5 cm）, the stress resistances and adaptabilities of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Fraxinus mandshurica were stronger （Their preserving rates were higher than 99% and their withered shoot rates were 0. ）. From middle June to the end of July was the peak period of growth in height of Purnus virginiana, S. sinensis and Svringa vulgaris. [Conclusion] Twenty-four introduced tree species including S. argentea basically adapted the conditions such as climate and soil in introduction are and had practically application value.