佛山市郊菜地土壤和蔬菜硝酸盐污染状况分析

Analysis of the Nitrate and Nitrite Pollution of Soil and Vegetable in the Suburb of Foshan City

通过采样调查分析了佛山市郊部分蔬菜生产基地的土壤、蔬菜硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐累积状况。结果表明,佛山市郊菜地的土壤硝酸盐污染严重,平均含量高达278.69 mg/kg,已达到极高水平;不同蔬菜的硝酸盐含量差别很大,以叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量超标最严重,有30.4%的叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量超过3 100 mg/kg的四级严重污染标准,处于严重污染状态,而瓜类、茄果类蔬菜中硝酸盐含量较低;蔬菜中的亚硝酸盐含量普遍较低,均未超标。在分析探讨土壤、蔬菜硝酸盐积累的原因基础上提出了相应的控制对策。

The nitrate and nitrite content in the soil and vegetable from production base in the suburb of Foshan city was analyzed. The results indicated that the nitrate pollution of soil in Foshan was serious and the average value was 278.69 mg/kg.The content of nitrate in vegetable varied significantly with different kinds of vegetables. And that of leaf vegetables was the highest, which the ratio that nitrate content exceeded the fourth degree of severe pollution of national standard （3 100 mg/kg fresh weight） was 30.4% among the tested samples of leaf vegetable.And the nitrite in melon and eggplant was comparably low.The content of nitrite in all of vegetables investigated was lower than that of the hygienical criterion.The countermeasure to control and prevent the nitrate contamination was also put forward in this paper based on the analysis of the main factors responsible for nitrate pollution of vegetable and soil.