宿主因素在吡喹酮抗血吸虫过程中的作用

Impact of Host Factors on the Schistosome-Killing Process Induced by Praziquantel

已知吡喹酮对血吸虫的杀虫过程包括两方面,即药物对虫体的直接作用和宿主的免疫反应。前者表现为虫体活动兴奋,肌肉挛缩和皮层严重受损,从而导致虫的肝移,影响虫的体表营养吸收、排泌和防御功能以及继发的代谢紊乱;后者因皮层的损害和剥落破坏了虫体在宿主体内存活的伴随免疫机制,其体表抗原的显露为宿主抗血吸虫特异性抗体的免疫攻击提供了靶部位,即吡喹酮的抗血吸虫作用是免疫依赖的。本文对可能影响到吡喹酮杀虫作用的宿主因素进行综述。

Experimental studies indicated that the killing process of schistosomes induced by praziquantel comprises two aspects, i.e. the direct effect of praziquantel on schistosomes and the host immune reaction. The former one appears in stimulation of worm activity, spasmodic contraction of worm musculatures and severe damage to the tegument, which results in hepatic shift of schistosomes, influence on the nutrition absorption, excretion/secretion and defense function of the tegument, followed by the secondary interference with the worm metabolism. While the latter one involves the destruction of the host concomitant immune mechanism after tegumental damage and peeling, which is unfavorable for worm survival. Particularly, the exposure of the worm surface antigen provides a target which can be attacked by specific antibodies. Therefore, the antischistosomal activity of praziquantel is immune-dependent. In this paper some host factors involved in the killing process of schistosomes induced by praziquantel were summarized.