近岸海域浮游植物水华动力机制研究进展和展望

A Review and Prospect on the Physical Mechanisms of Phytoplankton Blooms in Coastal Waters

水华是一段时期内浮游植物种群丰度和生物量快速、显著增加的过程,其对整个海域的初级生产力水平和各生源要素循环等均有重要影响。水华发生的机制非常复杂,通常与水动力条件、气象条件、温度、盐度分布与变化、营养盐的补充与循环、浮游植物种类特征等因素密切相关。本文从湍流混合及垂直对流、浮游动物的摄食作用、光合作用有效光强和营养盐对浮游植物生长的影响和多因素的共同作用等方面综述了国内外水华机制研究的进展和现状,分析了中国近海海域水华机制研究所面临的问题。需要结合海上观测、卫星遥感、模式模拟等手段对浮游植物水华进行综合全面的研究。

An algal bloom is defined as a relatively rapid increase in the biomass of phytoplankton in an aquatic system. It plays a crucial role in the primary production and the cycling of biogenic elements in the whole area. The mechanisms of algal bloom are very complicated, usually closely related to the hydrodynamic conditions, atmospheric forcing, distributions and variations of temperature and salinity, cycling and supplement of nutrients and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblage. A brief review on the phytoplankton blooms＇ mechanism research and current situation is given from different aspects, including mixing and vertical advection, zooplankton predation, photosynthetically active radiation and nutrients etc. The scientific issues which researchers are faced in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplankton blooms in China coastal seas are analyzed. The phytoplankton bloom research will be studied further by using in-situ observation, remote sensing and numerical modeling methods.