现代西方自然观的“有机论转向”

On the"Organic Turn"of Contemporary Western Nature View

从20世纪初开始,随着相对论和量子力学的诞生,以及以系统范式为基础的一系列自组织理论和复杂性科学的兴起,人们的世界现呈现出一种从机械论向有机论转向的趋势。具体而言,生命并不是机械唯物论所描绘的是一种"机器",而是一种"有机体";这种有机体的进化并不完全取决于外界环境的单独作用,也不单独取决于有机体自身,而是取决于有机体与环境相互作用的复杂情形。在此其中,相互联系和合作构成了生命有机体的主要特征。在当今自然科学的视野中,决定论的世界观虽然是解构了,但这个世界并不是纯机遇的,马克思主义哲学正是在承认世界是有规律的,同时世界又是非预定的、非决定的基础上超越了决定论的世界观念的——这一立场恰是与当今自然科学的发展相吻合的。

Based on the historical review ,the conversion of contemporary views about world from Mechanism to Organism. In particular, life is not a ＂machinery＂ portrayed by the Mechanical materialism, but a ＂organisms＂. The evolution of this organism is not entirely depend on the environment alone, nor alone depend on the organism itself, but on the complex interaction situation of organisms and the environment. In it, mutual interrelation and cooperation constitute the main characteristics of living organisms. In the vision of the contemporary natural sciences, although the view about world of determinism is deconstruc- tive, but this world is not only accidental, the Marxist philosophy recognize that there are laws in the world, and on the basis of a non-scheduled, non-decision world ,it goes beyond the view about world of determinism-and this position matches with the development of natural sciences today.