载籍·考据·立论——现代中国学术的方法论转换

Book·Textual Research·Idea——The Transformation of Modern Chinese Learning Methodology

中国学术之现代品质的确立应当追溯到晚清民初学术研究方法的深刻变革,如果说中国传统学术主要是以"载籍"与"考据"作为一般方法而展开的话,那么,桐城学术对于"义理、考据、辞章"的划分则使传统学术具有了初步的"科层化"的趋向,而民初的"整理国故"运动进一步使传统的"载籍"与"考据"重新具有了现代学术之方法论的意义。与此同时,发生于民初的"问题与主义"之争又将学术研究逐步引向了以"立论"为先导的学术路向,并由此形成了以既有理论观念为支撑来统领学术研究的新的方法论构架。正是这种对于方法论取向上的不同选择才最终奠定了现代中国学术的基本格局。

The modern quality of Chinese learning established on the profound changes of research means in Late Qing. Trim cultural heritage endued the book and textual research means with modern academic methodology, the argument between question and idea gradually lead learning to following idea. It is the two different choices that established the modern Chinese learning structure.