72份广东水稻种质资源的抗瘟性及农艺性状评价

Evaluation of Blast Resistance and Agronomic Characters of Rice Germplasm Resources from Guangdong Province

在四川生态条件下对72份来自广东的水稻种质资源的抗稻瘟病性和农艺性状进行了观察。结果表明,多数广东水稻种质在四川生育期属中籼中、迟熟类型,株高相对较低,分蘖较强,穗子中等偏小,结实率、千粒重及单株产量较低。通过农艺性状表型聚类可将72份广东水稻种质分为3大类,Ⅰ类20份,属中等穗型,平均结实率83.3%;Ⅱ类21份,属大穗型,平均穗着粒180粒左右;Ⅲ类31份,其生育期较短,植株较矮,穗子较小。稻瘟病抗性鉴定表明,颈瘟1～3级的抗病品种52个,占72.2%,其中丰丝占1号等6个品种叶瘟1～2级,颈瘟1级,高抗稻瘟病。对广东水稻种质在四川利用的策略进行了讨论。

The agronomic traits, blast resistance and restoring or maintaining characteristics of 72 rice germplasm resources from Guangdong province were investigated and evaluated under the ecological conditions in Sichuan province. The results indicated that most of the 72 Guangdong rice resources were medium or late maturation, low plant height,strong tiller, medium or small panicle, low seed setting, low 1000-grain weight and low grain yield per plant. The 72 Guangdong resources might be divided into 3 groups by using cluster analysis based on agronomic traits. Group Ⅰ had 20 resources, with mid-panicle, 83.3% of the average seed setting. Group Ⅱ had 21 resources, with big panicle, about 180 average spikelets per panicle. Group Ⅲ had 31 resources, with small panicle, short growth period, low plant height. The identification of resistance to rice blast showed that 52 of the resources were resistant to rice blast, accounting for 72.2% of germplasm analysis, and the panicle neck blast was evaluated as 1-3 scales. Fengsizhan 1 and other 5 resources were highly resistant to rice blast, and the leaf blast were 1-2 scales and panicle neck blast of 1 scale. The utilization strategies of Guangdong rice germplasm resources in Sichuan province were discussed.