ICU中心静脉导管的相关性感染及危险因素的分析

Analyze Bacterial Infection Rate Cused by Central Venous Catheter and the Risk Factors in ICU

目的:探讨中心静脉导管(CVC)相关性感染在ICU的发生率、致病菌的分布特点和危险因素,为临床预防和减少导管相关性感染提供参考依据。方法:对我院2005年1月至2007年12月ICU所有送检的中心静脉导管的培养结果进行回顾性分析。结果:219例样本中培养阳性50例,总体相关性感染率为22.8%,且不同穿刺部位的感染率有所不同,但颈内静脉置管与锁骨下静脉置管的感染发生率比较差异无显著性,而股静脉置管的感染发生率较颈内静脉置管与锁骨下静脉置管有显著性差异。中心静脉导管培养阳性的病原菌中阳性球菌占40%,阴性杆菌占42%,真菌占16%,阳性杆菌占2%。结论:中心静脉导管相关性感染的病原体主要为皮肤表面的正常菌群,导管留置时间、留置位置为中心静脉导管相关性感染的危险因素。

Objective To analyze bacterial infection rate caused by central venous catheter （CVC） in ICU,the distribution of the microbial population and risk factors as well as to provide statistics for clinical preventive practices and reducing CVC-correlated infection.Methods Samples of the patients receiving venous catheterization between January 2005 and December 2007 were cultured and analyzed.Results Of the 219 samples cultured, 50 were positive and the general correlated infection rate was 22.8% .The rate differed in various parts receiving centesis,but Here was no obvious difference in CVC-correlated infection that happened in neck and under clavicle while there was a higher infection rate of femoral venous catheter than that of the neck one.Out of the total bacteria,positive cocci accounted for 40% ,negative bacilli 42%, fungus 16% and positive bacilli 2%.Conclusion The infections pathogens of CVC-correlated infection was mainly the normal flora rooting from the body surface. The risk factors included where catheter was placed and how long it was kept there with.