模式生物在肿瘤学研究中的应用

Application of Model Organisms in Oncological Study

肿瘤细胞系、永生化细胞以及原代培养细胞是研究肿瘤病因学和发病机制的重要模型。然而,诸多肿瘤的发生、发展和转归缺乏真正意义上的整体研究模型,成为肿瘤学研究过程中的主要障碍。果蝇、线虫、小鼠、斑马鱼和非洲蟾蜍等作为模式生物的应用很好的解决了这个问题。所谓模式生物是人们在长期研究生命科学的过程中建立起来的与人类某个特定的生理和病理过程相似的模型,这些模型结构简单,变化容易观察,使许多难以解决的人类难题变得明朗。

Tumor cell lines, immortal cell lines and primary culture cells are important models for understanding etiology and pathogenesis of cancer. However, these cellular settings can not mirror a true model in entirety, which leads to a major drawback for cancer research. The application of Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse （rat） , zebra fish and Xenopus laevis, helps to thaw this problem. Model organisms are constructed to imitate human physiological and pathological conditions. The structure of model organisms is simple and is easy to be observed, which makes puzzles in human cancer research lucid. This review will compare the advantages and shortcomings of these model organisms, and introduce their application and perspectives in oncological study.