新疆静脉吸毒者艾滋病知识、信念、行为调查

A SURVEY OF THE KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIORS ON AIDS AMONG IDU POPULATION IN XINJIANG

[目的]了解新疆静脉吸毒者(InjectionDrugUsers,IDUs)艾滋病知识、信念、行为现状,为更好地制定有效的防治策略和措施提供科学依据。[方法]采用现场流行病学调查方法,以滚雪球抽样的方式抽取284名静脉吸毒者进行面对面问卷调查。[结果]IDUs对艾滋病3种传播途径知晓率较高,均在90%以上。与感染者共同就餐和蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病知晓率分别为88.4%和67.6%。不同场所(美沙酮门诊、社区、针具交换点、劳教所/拘留所、戒毒所)的吸毒者对艾滋病传播途径的知晓情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.261,P=0.041)。94.7%的人认为使用清洁针具可以减低HIV感染风险;91.5%的人认为只与一个性伴发生性行为可以减低HIV感染风险;93.3%的人认为正确使用安全套可以降低HIV感染风险。IDUs对艾滋病的预防途径知晓率均达90%以上。53.9%的人最近1个月内有过静脉注射吸毒行为,49.7%的人同时还有性行为,其中52.6%的人在最近1次性行为中没有使用安全套。[结论]新疆IDU人群艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高,但高危行为仍普遍存在,对该人群的健康教育和行为干预还有待进一步加强。

[Objective] To investigate the IDU population＇s knowledge, attitude and practice （KAP） on AIDS in XinJiang and make strategy on AIDS prevention among this population. [ Methods] 284 IDUs sampled by snowball sampling were investigated face-to-face with the well-designed questionnaire. [ Results ] 90% of them knew about three transmission routes of AIDS while the recognition of non-transmission routes was relatively poor. There were significant differences in the recognition of both transmission routes （X^2= 8.261, P = 0.041 ） and non-transmission routes （X^2= 8.021, P = 0.046） among IDUs from different resources. 94.7% IDUs held the view that using sterile syringes can reduce the risk of HIV, and 93.3% of them knew that condom was very efficient for AIDS prevention. 53.9% persons （153/284） admitted that they had the experiences of injection of drug last month, 49.7% of which （76/153） claimed that they had sexual behaviors last month while 52.6% of them （40/76） didn＇t use condom in the last sex action. [Conclusion] Efforts should be taken to strengthen the health education and behavior intervention among IDUs in XinJiang because high risk behaviors still widely exist, although the knowledge of AIDS among IDUs is relatively high.