菏泽市布鲁杆菌病干预效果评价

EVALUATION ON THE INTERVENTION EFFECT OF BRUCELLOSIS IN HEZE

[目的]评价在重点人群中开展布病宣传等干预措施对该人群布病知识知晓率、防护用品使用率及相关行为所产生的影响,为控制布病疫情提供科学依据。[方法]分别于干预前后随机选取部分从事屠宰、养殖和皮毛加工人员,进行内容相同的问卷调查,比较布病患病率、知识知晓率、防护用品使用率以及相关行为的变化。[结果](1)布病知识知晓率:干预前平均为23.4%,干预后为96.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=528.3,P﹤0.01)。干预前不同职业之间布病知识知晓率不同,差异有统计学意义;干预后不同职业之间差异无统计学意义,布病知晓率和文化程度无相关性,不同性别之间差异有统计学意义;(2)防护用品使用率:干预后不同职业人群作业过程中防护用品使用率平均为61.7%,和干预前(15%)相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=99.35,P﹤0.01)。干预后以养殖人员防护用品使用率最高,屠宰人员最低,(3)态度转变率:干预后98%的屠宰人员表示不再屠宰病死羊羔,而只有9%的养殖人员表示不再用病死羊羔喂貂,差异有统计学意义。(4)布病知识获取途径:布病防治知识的获得途径依次是:邻居、村医、防疫人员和宣传单。(5)布病发病数和职业构成变化:干预后布病发病数下降41.4%,干预前以屠宰人员为主(53.4%),干预后以养貂人员为主(37.5%),不同畜产品加工人员发病数下降幅度不同,以屠宰人员下降幅度最大。[结论]通过发放宣传单、广播宣传和现场调查宣传等干预措施的开展,有效地提高了重点人群的布病防治知识的知晓率、防护用品的使用率、态度转变率等,减少了职业暴露,降低了布病感染率,控制了疫情的扩散蔓延,但是完全控制布病疫情还需要卫生和畜牧、工商等部门密切配合,采取综合措施。

[ Objective ] To evaluate the effect of propaganda about brucellosis knowledge and other intervention measures on the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis, utilization rate of protective articles and related behaviors, so as to provide scientific basis for controlling brucellosis. [ Methods] The livestock slaughtering and breeding staff and fur making staff were randomly collected before and after intervention, and investigated with the same questionnaires to compare the prevalence, awareness rates, utilization rates of protective articles and changes of related behaviors before and ＇after intervention. [Results] （ 1 ） The awareness rates of knowledge about brucellosis before and after intervention were 23.4% and 96.3%, respectively. Significant difference was found between them （X^2 = 528.3, P〈 0.01 ）. （2） The utilization rates of protective articles before and after intervention among people with different occupations were 15% and 61.7%, respectively, with significant difference between them （X^2 = 99.35, P 〈 0.01 ）. After intervention, the people who used the protective articles were main livestock breeding staff and the livestock slaughtering staff had the lowest utilization rate among them. （3） The rate of attitude conversion ： 98% of the livestock slaughtering staff demonstrated that they would not slaughter the lamb died from diseases, while 9% of the livestock staff demonstrated they would not use the dead lamb due to diseases to feed mink, so significant difference was found between them. （4） The way of obtaining Brucellosis knowledge was as follows in an decreasing order： neighbor, rural medical mem- bers, epidemic prevention staff and leaflets. （5） The changes of prevalence and professions after intervention： the prevalence dropped by 41.4%, the people with the high incidence of brucellosis before intervention was main livestock slaughtering staff （53.4%） while mink feeding staff after intervention （37.5%） . The incidences of different livestock products making staff decreased with different degrees, and the incidence of livestock slaughtering staff decreased most among all the professions staff investigated. [Conclusion] By sending leaflets, propaganda by broadcast and field investigation and propaganda, the awareness rate of preventive knowledge about brucellosis, utilization rates of protective articles and rate of attitude conversion had greatly improved, and the occupational exposure and infection rate of brucellosis decreased as well as the epidemic situation had been controlled. But full control of spread of brucellosis required the cooperation of public heahh institutions, department of raising livestock and administrations for industry and commerce, and comprehensive measures.