硫代氨基甲酸酯合成方法进展

Advances in the Synthesis of Thiocarbamates

硫代氨基甲酸酯是一类分子内含有多种官能团的化合物,大多数具有生物活性,在医学、生物、农药等方面有广泛的应用。本文总结了合成硫代氨基甲酸酯的几种主要方法,如水解醇解法、重排反应、光气衍生物法、羰基化法等,并分析了各种方法的利弊。指出利用一氧化碳进行硒催化的硫醇与硝基化合物或苯胺的羰基化反应来合成硫代氨基甲酸酯是一种比较有应用前景的方法。该方法具有环境友好、原子经济性高、步骤简短等优点,并对其做了比较详细的介绍。

Thiocarbamates, a type of compounds containing many functional groups and possessing bioactivity, have been widely applied in medicine, biology and agricultural chemicals. In this paper, the main methods to synthesize thiocarbamates such as hydrolysis or alcoholysis of thiocyanate, rearrangement reaction, phosgene derivatives method and carbonylation of nitro compounds or amines are summarized. Their advantages and disadvantages are also compared. It is pointed out that selenium-catalyzed carbonylation of nitro compounds or amines with thiols to thiocarbamates is a promising method which is characterized by benign environment, high atomic economy, and ＂one-pot＂ approach.