离子液体功能高分子

Ionic Liquids Functional Polymers

离子液体功能高分子(ILFPs)是含离子液体结构的有机高分子,主要由不饱和单体聚合得到。此类高分子结合了离子液体所具有的独特性质,成为目前研究的热点。本文总结了近几年国内外有关ILFPs的最新研究成果,将现有的几十种ILFPs按与高分子链直接相连的离子的种类归为聚阳离子型、聚阴离子型和内盐型3类,介绍了各类ILFPs的合成方法及影响Tg大小的各种结构因素。此外,本文重点对ILFPs在聚合物电解质、表面活性剂、催化剂、生物酶载体及气体吸附剂等方面的应用进行了综述。最后提出了ILFPs的研究中尚待解决的诸如品种不多、结构表征不详等问题及今后可能的发展方向。

Ionic liquid functional polymers （ILFPs） are organic polymers synthesized mainly by the polymerization of unsaturated ionic liquid monomers. These polymers combine the advantages of ionic liquids which have drawn great attention due to their special structures and properties. In this paper, we summarize the research on ILFPs developed in recent years. According to the kinds of ions linking with chains, we classify the existing ILFPs into three types, which are polycations, polyanions and zwitterions. Then, the synthesis methods of ILFPs and several structural factors which have effects on their Tg are introduced. Besides, we review the using of ILFPs as polymer electrolytes, surfactant, catalyst, enzyme carriers and gas adsorbents. On this basis, we point out the questions such as less variety and characterization in the research of ILFPs, and give the possible prospects in future.