芬兰高等教育改革：对全球化的回应

Finnish Higher Education Reforms:Responding to Globalisation

为什么芬兰的大学可能(抑或不可能)在全球高等教育市场中获得成功呢?自20世纪90年代早期以来,芬兰高等教育经历了以多科技术学院为中心的改革。之后,波隆那宣言拉开了芬兰大学改革的序幕,芬兰开始注意到大学的学位结构、法律上、组织上和财政等方面的问题。芬兰在国际学生评价项目(PISA)和诺基亚的国际性成就刺激了建设世界一流大学的雄心。本论文首先勾勒芬兰当前高等教育改革的动因,之后重点从组织内涵上研究当前芬兰高等教育改革的目标,最后以两种欧洲大学发展图景为分析框架研究芬兰大学。

Why are Finnish universities likely,or not likely,to be successful in the global higher education market? Since the early 1990s Finland has had a reform process of higher education focusing the polytechnics.It was the Bologna Declaration that really triggered an active reform process in the universities,affecting now major attention to reforming the degree structure and the legal,organisational and financial position of the universities.Now the Finnish international academic success on secondary schooling(the PISA achievements) and the international technology success(NOKIA) seem to have stimulated national ambitions also in terms of international ranking of the universities.The purpose of this paper is firstly to sketch the current reform initiatives,secondly to highlight the institutional implications of the present Finnish higher education ambitions,and thirdly,to analyse the Finnish case in the framework of two visions of European university development.