SWAT模型及其应用研究

Discussion on SWAT model and its application

利用数学模型来模拟水文、泥沙、非点源污染过程是流域管理中对特定管理措施的效果进行评估的重要工具,也是研究环境变化条件下水资源管理的重要手段。SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型就是一个集成了遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和数字高程模型(DEM)技术的目前国际流行的分布式水文模拟工具。该文介绍了SWAT模型的发展历程、原理及特点,概述了SWAT模型目前在径流模拟、非点源污染模拟与控制、气候变化对水文响应的影响、模型参数敏感性分析方面的进展情况,并对SWAT模型今后的应用和改进做了初步探讨。

Mathematical model is an important tool for analyzing the spatial distribution of non-point source pollution and assessing the impact of specified management practice. It is also an important way to investigate water resources management on the condition of environmental change. SWAT model with its powerful functions in distributed hydrological models occupies an important position, a better understanding of the model and its application for choosing distributed hydrological model plays a positive role. This paper introduces the development process of the SWAT model, the principles and characteristics, and outlines the application of progress on SWAT model currently in runoff simulation, pollutant load assessments, climate change impacts on hydrology, as well as effects of sub-watershed delineation and DEM resolution on SWAT predictions. Recommended research needs for SWAT are also presented.