创业能力概念的理论构建及实证检验

Theoretical Construct and Empirical Study on the Concept of Entrepreneurial Competence

创业能力是一个重要的概念,它对个体是否选择创业具有显著作用,同时对新创企业的绩效也有重要影响。而在现有文献中,对创业能力的研究,或从创业自我效能视角,或从自我感知的能力视角进行研究,其内涵尚不清晰。因此,基于分析创业者在创业过程中需要完成的两个任务,并结合文献综述、理论分析与实证检验,重新构建创业能力概念的维度。创业能力是包含机会识别与开发能力和运营管理能力的两阶六维度概念,即机会识别与开发能力可细分为机会识别能力、机会开发能力等两个二阶维度,运营管理能力可细分为组织管理能力、战略能力、关系能力和承诺能力等四个二阶维度。实证验证了创业能力概念的信度和效度。

Entrepreneurial competence has critical influence on the entrepreneurial choice and entrepreneurial performance. However, in exiting literatures, most of researcher studied this concept in the eyes of entrepreneurial self-efficacy or serf-perceived competence, far more little achievement has done. Based on the analysis of tasks entrepreneur should be done in the entrepreneurial process, after reviewed literatures, analyzed theories, and empirical studied, we constructed a framework of entrepreneurial competence. Entrepreneurial competence is a two-order and six dimensional concept model, whose first-order dimensions include opportunity competence with two second-order dimension, which are opportunity recognition competence and opportunity developing competence, and operation management competence with four second-order dimension, which are organizing competence, strategic management, relation management, and commitment competence. Our empirical studies verified the validity and reliability of this concept.