71277例狂犬病暴露者流行病学分析及防制对策

Epidemiological analysis to 71277 people exposured to rabies and strategy of countermeasure selection

目的了解2007年佛山市狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征,及时分析我市狂犬病流行趋势和特点,为今后防制工作提供信息与依据。方法《佛山市狂犬病门诊暴露人群监测月报表》数据统计分析。结果71277例狂犬病暴露中男女之比为1.29:1,致伤的高危年龄为15—44岁组,占52.22%,致伤主要集中在3—10月份,占70.67%,其中7、8月为多,占19.82%,40.49%的致伤者来自南海区。犬伤为主,占82.82%,其次猫伤,占11.85%,犬伤中以家犬致伤为主,占9r7.68%,致伤部位以下肢最多,伤害程度以Ⅱ级暴露的构成比最高,伤口未清洗消毒者占9.39%,全程接种疫苗仅占70.64%,使用抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白仅占2.36%。结论加大狂犬病防制知识的宣传力度,提高群众的自我保护意识,提高犬类动物免疫率,加强门诊医务人员脱敏注射抗血清或狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白以及过敏抢救的专项培训,加大推广暴露前免疫法,达到真正的免疫预防。

Objective To find out epidemiologic features of population exposed to rabies in Foshan in the year of 2007 and analyse timely epidemic trend and characters of rabies in our city, in ordre to provide information and scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies in the future. Methods Statistic analysis to the data from （Foshan monthly report forms of surveillance to clinic population exposed to rabies） . Results The ratio of the male to the female in 71277 people expostrred to rabies is 1.29 ： 1, high risk age of injury, is from 15 to 44, and population of this group accounts for 52. 22% of the total population. The injury was mostly happened from March to October, and the number of the injured in this period of time accounts for 70. 67% of the total number of this year, at the same time, the number of the injured in July or in August is more than that of the other each month, and in the two months does the number of the injured account for 19. 2% of the total in the whole year. 40. 49% of the injured is from Nanhai District. Most of the injured were hurt by canine, these people constitute 82. 82% members of the total population; and number of the injured hurt by cat is next to that of the injured hurt by canine , accounting for 11.85% of the total Injury from canine should mostly distribute to family dog who is responsible for 97.68% of the hurt accidents. Most of the injured were wounded in the lower limbs, and for the degree of the wound, the degree Ⅱ - exposure took place on most of the injured.. The injured who did not rinse and （or） disinfect their wound constitute 9. 39% members of the total, and number of the injured who took full - times inoculation accounts for only 70. 64% of the total, and that of the injured who use anti - rabies immunoglobin accounts for only 2. 36% of the total. Conclusion We should strengthen propaganda of knowledge of rabies prevention, enhance self- protection consciousness in population, improve the immune rate of the canine, reinforce special training to clinic medical workers for injection of antiserum with desensitization therapy or rabies virus immunoglobin and salvage to anaphylaxis, and intensify immunity in high risk population before rabies exposure, finally achieve real immune prevention.