含酯基不对称双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成

The synthesis of dissymmetric bis-quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants with ester bond

以长链烷基叔胺、盐酸、环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成N-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基长链烷基氯化铵;以月桂酸、2-二甲氨基乙醇为原料,酯化得到二甲基月桂酸乙基叔胺,利用其与N-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基长链烷基氯化铵季铵化得到含酯基不对称双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂.并采用红外光谱对合成过程中的原料、中间体及产物进行研究.结果表明,合成含酯基不对称双季铵盐工艺路线具有合理性及可行性.

N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylalkylammonium chloride was synthesized from long chain alkyl Amine, hydrochloric acid and epichlorohydrin. The dimethyl lauric ethyl tertiary amine was obtained from 2-dimethylamino ethanol reacting with lauric acid by esterification. The dissymmetric Gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants with ester bond were synthesized from N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylalkylammonium reacting with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-N, N-dimethylalkylammonium chloride by quaternization. The structure of the raw material, intermediate and products were studied by the infrared spectrum. The results showed that the synthesis process of dissymmetry bis- quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants with ester bond is reasonable and feasible.