早产儿静脉注射强刺激性药物的防护

The Protection of Powerful Stimulation by Needle Drugs on Premature Infant by iv

目的探讨和分析早产儿静脉注射强刺激性药物渗漏引起局部组织不同程度炎性改变的原因,认为药物渗漏引起炎性改变和坏死,与药物浓度,用药时间长,肢体循环不良,血管粗细,静注速度及护士责任心等直接相关。方法采取以下预防措施:及早采取经外周静脉穿刺置管,局部涂万花油,外敷和药物封闭等预防措施。结果其中1例因护士责任心不强,未及时发现及采取恰当处理而造成患儿肢体局部红肿、皮肤变成紫黑色。结论早产儿静脉注射强刺激性药物,及早采取外周静脉穿刺置管可大大减少周围静脉穿刺及药物对血管的刺激。尽量避免头皮输液。同时,要加强巡视,发生炎性改变时,要及时采取恰当处理措施。这样,不仅减少患儿痛苦,而且是确保抢救及治疗成功的关键。

Objective To explore and analyze the causes of intense irritant drugs leakage that caused different degree damage to local skin tissue after intravenous injection in premature infants, we think that inflammatory changes and necrosis of skin have direct relationship with drug concentration, tong time administration, bad limbs circulation, diameter of blood vessel, infusion speed and nurse＇ s responsibility. Methods The preventive measures were performed as following： peripherally inserted central catheter by venipuncture as possible, topical treatment of universal oil, external application and drug blockage. Results One infant＇s limbs were local red swelling and skin became purple black because the nurses had not enough responsibilities, didn＇t find and deal with in time. Conclusion When the premature infants receive intense irritant drugs through intravenous injection, early adopting peripherally inserted central catheter through venipuncture can reduce the vascular stimulation caused by peripheral venipuncture and drugs, and as possible to avoid scalp infusion. Meanwhile, it should strengthen circuit for patients and take proper treatments in time when the inflammatory lesions occur, that is the keys of successful treatment.