正常胎儿咽、喉、气管的超声研究

The evaluation of pharynx,larynx and trachea in the healthy fetus by ultrasound

目的探讨超声对不同孕周正常单胎胎儿咽、喉、气管的显像能力,确定产前超声检查胎儿咽、喉、气管的最佳时期。方法对401例孕16～36+6周正常单胎胎儿进行产前超声检查,将胎儿按孕周的不同分为A、B、C、D 4组。其中,A组为16～20周+6,共93例;B组为21～25周+6,共104例;C组为26～30周+6,共108例;D组为31～36周+6,共96例。记录并统计每组超声清晰显示胎儿咽、喉、气管的例数。结果401例正常单胎胎儿,超声清晰显示胎儿咽、喉、气管的例数分别为241例(60.1%)、314例(78.3%)、329例(82.0%),超声对喉、气管的显示率高于咽(P<0.05)。超声清晰显示胎儿咽,A组44.1%,B组76.9%,C组70.4%,D组45.8%;超声清晰显示胎儿喉,A组58.1%,B组95.2%,C组94.4%,D组61.5%;超声清晰显示胎儿气管,A组65.6%,B组97.1%,C组95.4%,D组66.7%。超声清晰显示胎儿咽、喉、气管B、C两组明显高于A、D两组(P<0.05)。结论超声可清晰显示胎儿咽、喉、气管,其中喉、气管的显示率高于咽,超声观察胎儿咽、喉、气管的最佳时期为21～30周+6。

Objective To explore the images of the fetal respiratory tract by ultrasound in the patients with different fetal-normal gestational age and to identify the appropriate ultrasound for prenatal fetal pharynx, larynx and trachea. Methods Four hundreds and one subjects with 16-36 weeks of normal prenatal fetuses were assessed by ultrasound to record the number of the fetal pharynx, larynx and trachea. The patients were classified into four groups by fetal weeks： A group： 16-20th weeks; B group： 21-25th weeks; C group： 26-30th weeks and D group： 31-36th weeks. Results The pharynx, larynx, trachea were clearly shown by ultrasound in the 241 patients （60. 1% ）, 314 patients （78.3%）, 329 patients （82.0%）, respectively of all 401 healthy fetuses. The image of tracheal was clearer than that of the pharynx （P 〈 0.05）. The fetal pharyngeal was shown by ultrasound were A group of 41/93 （44.1%）, B group of 80/104 （ 76.9 % ）, C group of 76/108 （ 70.4% ） and D group of 44/96 （45.8 % ） ; the fetal laryngeal by ultrasound in the A group of 54/93 （58.1%）, B group of 99/104 （95.2%）, C group of 102/108 （94.4%） and D group of 59/96 （61.5%） ; The fetal tracheal in A （61/93）, B （101/104）, C （103/108） and D groups （64/96） was clearly shown with percentages of 65.6%, 97.1%, 95.4% and 66.7% respectively. The results displayed clear imaging of fetal pharynx, larynx, trachea by unhrasound. The B, C group was significantly highly clearer than that of A, D group （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The ultrasound can clearly display the fetal pharynx, larynx, and trachea. The vision of larynx and trachea was higher than that of the pharynx and the appropriate ultrasonic observation of fetal pharynx, larynx, trachea was 21-30th weeks.