基于天基空间目标监视系统的定轨技术研究

Research on Orbit Determination Algorithm Based on SBSS

天基空间目标监视系统是进行空间目标监视与跟踪的重要发展方向,通过对美国即将运行的空间目标监视跟踪系统(SBSS)的分析,按照其设计思想和运行环境,仿真实现了SBSS对空间目标的定轨功能。设计了SBSS系统覆盖区域的简易算法,可以快速准确判断目标的可观测区域,为星座设计提供必要的支持。针对星上计算机能力有限的特点,提出了基于拉格朗日5点法求状态转移矩阵的定轨算法。仿真试验证明,SBSS系统对空间目标的覆盖区域比地基监视系统显著增加,同时,改进的定轨算法可显著缩短定轨时间、提高定轨精度,其中低轨道空间目标定轨误差10米,高轨道空间目标定轨误差500米左右。

Space-Based Space Surveillance （SBSS） system is the important development tendency in the realization of surveillance and tracking for resident space objects （RSO）, Based on the analysis of SBSS in USA, the orbit determination function for RSO by SBSS was simulated according to its design conception and operation environment. The simple algorithm for cover region by SBSS system was designed, which could determine observable area of RSO fast and accurately and this supplied indispensable support for constellation design. Aiming at the limited calculation ability on-board computer, the orbit determination algorithm for state-transformation matrix based on Lagrange five-point method was proposed. Simulation experiments show that the cover ability for RSO by SBSS system has increased greater compared to that by ground-based surveillance system, and moreover the algorithm designed can economize time and ameliorate precision greatly and therein the orbit determination precision for low-orbital RSO reaches 10m while that for high-orbital RSO reaches about 500m.