隐蔽区鼻出血的检诊及识别

Examination and recognition of hemorrhagic focus in hidden epistaxis

目的探讨隐蔽区鼻出血部位和出血灶的检诊及识别方法。方法对2005年1月-2007年10月收治的122例常规鼻镜检查未发现出血灶的鼻出血患者的出血部位、出血灶及疗效进行回顾性分析,内镜下认明出血部位及出血灶后分别采用电热烧灼术、微波凝固术及微创填塞法治疗。结果122例患者的鼻出血部位分别为:嗅裂48例(39·34%)、下鼻道20例(16·39%)、中鼻道6例(4·92%)、鼻中隔前上部5例(4·10%)、鼻中隔中部凸起的凹面28例(22·95%)、鼻中隔后端11例(9·02%)、总鼻道底部前端3例(2·46%)、咽鼓管隆突1例(0·82%)。所有患者中,113例(92·62%)出血灶明确,分别为粟粒样隆起50例(44·25%)、点状突起37例(32·74%)、血管痣7例(6·19%)、粗糙隆起19例(16·81%),采用激光、微波、电凝等方法止血;另有9例(7·38%)出血灶不明,采用局部定向填塞止血。122例中1次治愈106例(86·89%),经2次治愈16例(13·11%),随访1～2个月无复发。结论中、下鼻道侧后部及嗅裂等是隐蔽区鼻出血发生的常见部位,鼻内镜技术结合中、下鼻甲骨折移位以及不同隐蔽区鼻出血的血流特点对探查隐蔽区出血灶具有重要意义,明确出血灶后于内镜下采用个性化微创干预可有效控制鼻出血。

Objective To establish a method for recognizing nasal bleeding sites and hemorrhagic foci of hidden epistaxis.Methods The bleeding sites and hemorrhagic foci,as well as the used surgical techniques and the curative effects were studied retrospectively in 122 patients with spistaxis from Jan.2005 to Oct.2007,in whom the bleeding sites and hemorrhagic foci were not found by routine nasoscope examination.Under nasal endoscopic monitoring,electric heat cauterization（EHC）,microwave coagulation（MC） and micro-traumatic nasal packing（MTNP） were applied respectively to treat the hidden epistaxis.Results The hemorrhagic foci were found in the following sites：Olfactory cleft 48 cases（39.3%）,superior wall of inferior nasal meatus 20 cases（16.4%）,posteroinferior wall of middle nasal meatus 6 cases（4.9%） and so on.Epistaxis was well controlled in 113 of 122 cases（92.6%）,in whom the hemorrhagic foci were found by endoscope,by laser soldering,MC and EHC.Packing with mini gel foam was used in 9 cases,for whom the hemorrhagic foci were not found.No complications occurred during a 1-2 months of follow up after treatment.Of the 122 cases,106 cases（86.9%） stopped bleeding by treatment once and 16 cases（13.1%） stopped by treatment twice.Conclusion The lateral or posterior area of middle and inferior nasal meatus,and olfactory cleft area are the frequent sites of hidden epistaxis.Examination with endoscopy,combined with the findings on the middle and inferior turbinate and the features of blood flow in different sites,will be important on recognizing the hidden epistaxis and locating the hemorrhagic foci.