体细胞核移植与中心体遗传

Somatic cell nuclear transfer and centrosome inheritance

体细胞克隆虽然在多种哺乳动物中成功获得后代,但仍存在一系列的问题需要解决。克隆胚胎的发育能力由核移植后几小时内的细胞和分子过程决定,包括染色体分离和纺锤体的重新组装。中心体的正常组成和分布能保证染色体分离的准确性及新生和出生后克隆动物发育过程中的基因组稳定性。文章在分析哺乳动物体细胞克隆存在的问题和简介中心体结构功能的基础上,综述了中心体在配子和受精卵发育过程中的遗传机制,同时阐述了体细胞克隆胚胎中心体及其相关蛋白的研究现状。

The developmental competence of embryos cloned from somatic cells depends on the cellular event and molecular process, such as separation of chromosomes and reorganization of spindle after nuclear transfer. Centrosome, the main microtubule organizing centers in a cell, is crucial for reorganization of spindle and normal separation of chromosomes during mitosis. Aberrant of centrosomes will lead to aneuploidy of blastomere and developmental failure of embryo. This paper expounded the situation of animal somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT） and biological functions of centrosome and analyzed the inheritance mechanism of centrosome during gametogenesis and fertilization. Additionally, the study condition of centrosome and its associated proteins in SCNT embryos were introduced, which provided a new clue to study the developmental abnormality of cloned embryos and animals.