《五灯会元》中副词“都”的用法

The usage of adverb "dou" in "wu deng hui yuan"

文章对《五灯会元》中的副词"都"作封闭式的调查统计研究,重点考察"都"的语法意义、句法功能和语义指向问题。《五灯会元》中的"都"主要表示范围,与现代汉语中总括副词"都"用法相近,而表程度的用法在现代汉语中基本消失,并出现表示主观语气的新兴用法,这一用法在现代汉语中也大量存在;在句法上,"都"常与否定词或表示否定意义的肯定形式共现,它所修饰的中心成分结构形式多样;在语义上可指向主语、宾语、处置对象、状语、兼语。

This paper has a statistic analysis and study about adverb ＂dou＂ in ＂wu deng hui yuan＂ in a close way. We lay the emphasis on the grammatical meaning, syntax function and the point of semantics of ＂dou＂. We conclude that ＂dou＂ in ＂ wu＂ mainly denote range and it is similar to the ＂dou＂ in modern Chinese; The usage of denoting degree has disappeared now and ＂dou＂ can denote subjective modality as a new usage which abound in modern Chinese. On syntax, ＂dou＂ can co--occur with negatives or affirmative forms denoting negative content and can modify different kinds of center components. On point --of--meaning ＂dou＂ can point to subject, object, disposition object, adverbial modifier, concurrent component.