不同气候条件下建筑保温对冷热负荷影响作用的研究

Effect of building insulation on cooling and heating load in different climate areas

引入冷热负荷增益比、全年累计冷热总负荷相对变化率及冷热负荷加权比作为衡量和比较建筑保温的节能性能的指标,并以一栋办公楼为例研究了不同朝向、不同厚度保温材料在北京、上海及广州三地气候下全年冷热负荷的变化。结果表明,北京地区所有朝向与上海地区除南向外的外墙保温材料厚度的增加具有较大的节能空间,而对于广州地区所有朝向及上海的南向外区,使用保温基本不具备节能的空间。考虑冷热负荷加权比的变化影响,北京地区保温的节能作用具有普遍性,上海地区则需要结合朝向和冷热负荷加权比来考虑,广州地区则在冷热负荷加权比在较大范围内变化时节能空间较小,基本不具备节能的可能性。

Presents the three indexesIthe cooling load to heating load gain ratio, the annual cooling and heating load variation ratio, and the cooding and heating weighted factor to assess the energy efficient performance of building insulation. Four zones with different orientations in one office building are used as an example to demonstrate the applications of these indexes in evaluating energy efficiency with different exterior wall insulation thicknesses in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, The results reveal that there are significant space for improvement in energy efficiency for zones facing all orientations in Beijing and with orientations excluding south in Shanghai, while for the south facing zones in Shanghai and all zones in Guangzhou there is little probability to reduce their total heating and cooling load. Considering variety of the cooling and heating weighted factor, increased exterior wall insulation thickness helps to reduce annual cooling and heating load in Beijing, but it quite depends on the orientation and cooling and heating load weighted factor in Shanghai and it would have no energy saving effect to increase exterior wall insulation thickness in Guangzhou.