农牧交错区禁牧前后畜牧业投入产出分析--以宁夏盐池县为例

An Analysis on Input-output of Animal Raising Before and After Prohibiting Grazing in Ecotone-Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an Example

农牧交错带典型的过渡性特征决定了畜牧业在农牧民生产和生活中的重要地位,禁牧政策的实施对农村畜牧业发展的影响是显著的。本文以地处农牧交错带、于2001年11月成为禁牧试点县的宁夏盐池县为案例,在对69户农牧户的调查问卷进行统计和处理的基础上,从劳动力用工、物质和资金投入三个方面对禁牧前后畜牧业成本进行了对比分析。通过计算羔羊出栏、成羊出栏、毛(绒)、当年羔羊增值等收益得出每只羊的年收益,对比发现,畜牧业经营方式由自由放牧向舍饲养殖的转变使畜牧养殖的投入产出结构随之发生改变,净收益短期内呈现下降趋势,成为实现农民增收及生态恢复成果保护的一大挑战。

Animal raising plays an important role in the production and livelihood of farmers and herdsmen due to the typical transitional features of ecotone.It is obvious that prohibiting grazing policy impact on animal raising.This research takes Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region which lies in farming-pastoral zone and implements prohibiting grazing in November 2001 as an example,on the base of statistics and analysis to questionnaires of 69 households,the inputs of animal raising are compared and analyzed through three aspects of labor employment,substance and financing.Annual revenue per sheep and goat are calculated from lamb income,grown sheep and goat income,wool and cashmere income,value-added benefits coming from every year＇s lambs.The results show that great changes have taken place on input-output structure of animal raising with production modes＇ change from free grazing to stall feeding.Net income takes on short-term drop trend which challenges the realizing of ecological restoration and increasing farmers＇ income.