干旱区绿洲城市土地利用变化及其生态环境效应分析--以乌鲁木齐市为例

Changes of Land-Use and Environmental Effect in Arid Oasis City——A Case Study of Urumqi in Xinjiang

通过文献资料的检索、统计数据的分析和实地调查,本文对乌鲁木齐市土地利用变化及其环境效应进行了研究。结果表明:近20年来,乌鲁木齐市土地利用结构发生显著变化,耕地减少,园地、建设用地增加,未利用地减少,土地利用强度明显提高,城市建设用地布局过于集中,引起较为严重的环境问题,造成区域内水土流失,土壤污染,水质恶化,大气污染严重,热岛效应显著,地质灾害频发等。但在个别区域合理的土地开发利用取代了生态价值较低的未利用地,使得这些区域的生态环境质量有所改善。建议对快速发展的特大城市乌鲁木齐市,不必强调集中连片扩展,可采取分散集中布局的模式,将耕地或果园作为城市绿色空间加以保护,继续加强周边荒山的绿化,以缓解建设用地和绿色用地的矛盾,有利于环境问题的解决。

Based on the analysis of historical, statistical yearbook and field survey materials, some conclusions about the trend of land use change and its impact on the environment in Urumqi City in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region were drawn. The results showed that the land - use structure of Urumqi changed dramatically from 1988 to 2004, the orchards area and construction land area have been increased by128.9% ,206.4% respectively, and the farmland area and unused land area decreased by 6.61% and 1.27%. Meanwhile, the land use intensity was increasing significantly both in the agricultural land and construction land. Under such intensive land use/ cover change state, the land use/cover change has caused many serious environment problems, including intensive soil erosion, increasing deterioration of water quality, biodiversity loss, serious air pollution and frequent occurrence of geological disasters. However, the eco - environmental quality of unused land in some region has been improved due to the replacing by the rational -developing land with high ecological value. Finally, on the basis of the analysis above, the authors presented some suggests to Urumqi ： （1） Without extensive emphasis on the expansion, Urumqi could take the model of decentralized focus;（2） For alleviating of the contradiction between construction land and green spaces, orchards and farmland should be protected as urban green space ; （3） The planting in naked- mountain should be continued.