宁夏河东沙地不同放牧方式对物种结构及多样性的影响

Effects of Different Grazing Ways on the Species Structure and Diversity Influence in the Sandy Land in Ningxia

以宁夏河东沙地退化草场的不同放牧方式为研究对象,对植物群落结构及多样性的进行研究,结果表明:不同放牧方式一定程度上改变了植物群落优势种的分布,增加了物种数,使植物群落逐渐趋于稳定性,且6区轮牧、4区轮牧、2区轮牧的盖度分别比单轮(自由放牧)提高了28.26%、39.13%、10.87%;从植物群落多样性的平均值来看,以2区轮牧和6区轮牧的最高、自由放牧(单轮)的最低,而且植物的均匀度指数与多样性指数呈相同趋势,生态优势度指数和多样性指数呈相反趋势;封育、6区轮牧、4区轮牧、2区轮牧的草产量分别比自由放牧(单轮)提高133.04%、47.96%、33.99%40.65%,说明在20亩/羊单位下,采用不同放牧方式一定程度上提高了草产量,并且以6区轮牧的效果较好。

The influences of different grazing ways on the plant diversity and species structure were studied.The results showed that the distribution of the dominant species in the communities were changed due to the grazing.The species was increased and the communities were stable gradually.The vegetative coverages of six-block rotation grazing,four-block rotation grazing and two-block rotation grazing were increased by 28.26%,39.13% and 10.87% respectively more than that of free grazing.The plant diversities in rotation grazing lands were more than that in free grazing land.The biomasses of fenced land,six-block rotation grazing,four-block rotation grazing and two-block rotation grazing were increased by 133.04%,47.96%,33.99% and 40.65% more than that of free grazing.It was showed that at the condition of 1.33hm2/sheep,the six-block rotation grazing was better.