基于技术的水泥工业大气颗粒物排放清单

Technology-Based Emission Inventory of Particulate Matters(PM) from Cement Industry

针对我国水泥工业的生产技术及生产过程中的大气颗粒物排放控制技术分类,建立了一个基于技术、自下而上的大气颗粒物排放模型.通过分析我国水泥工业不同生产工艺所占比重的历史变化趋势,以及不同时期水泥工业大气颗粒物控制标准的影响,利用此模型计算了1990-2004年全国水泥工业大气颗粒物的排放系数和排放量.我国水泥工业的大气颗粒物的排放系数由1990年的27.9 kg·t^-1水泥下降至2004年的8.05 kg·t^-1水泥;大气颗粒物排放量自1990年起逐年增加,于1997年达到最高值1 044×10^4t,其中PM10排放量为716×10^4t,PM2.5排放量为436×10^4t;此后逐年降低,到2001年后又有缓慢增加.我国水泥工业大气颗粒物排放量的地理分布很不均衡,山东、广东、河北、江苏、浙江和河南的排放量超过了全国总排放量的50%.新型干法水泥生产线替代立窑生产线的进程以及2004年《水泥工业大气污染物排放标准》的颁布将很可能大幅降低我国水泥工业的大气颗粒物排放量,从而在很大程度上影响我国的大气颗粒物污染特征.

A bottom-up PM emission model was developed based on the production technologies and PM emission control devices in Chinese cement industry.Through analyzing the historical distribution of technologies in cement producing and the impact of standards on PM emission control from cement industry,emission factors of cement industry in China during 1990-2004 were generated by this technology-based model,and emission inventories were developed thereby.Emission factor decreased from27.9 kg·t^-1 cement in 1990 to 8.05 kg·t^-1 cement in 2004.Emissions of PM from cement industry in China reached the peak value in 1997,with 1044×10^4 t of TSP,716×10^4 t of PM10,436×10^4 t of PM2.5 emitted,then decreased until 2001,and increased slowly again during 2001-2004.The distribution of PM emissions among provinces is uneven.Shandong,Guangdong,Hebei,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Henan contribute more than 50% of emissions of China.Rapid spread of pre-calcining kilns in China and implementation of Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Cement Industry in 2004 will probably decrease PM emissions from cement industry to a large extent,leading to obvious variation on PM pollution characteristics in China.