基于区位商法的北京都市型现代农业产业布局研究

Assessment of the overall arrangement of urban modern agriculture industry in Beijing using location quotient technique

本文基于区位商法分析了北京与周边省份农业各行业的比较优势,研究了农业结构内部各行业在北京18个区县的比较优势,提出了北京都市型现代农业产业发展的布局。结果表明:与周边省份相比,北京农业总体上没有比较优势,但林业和牧业比较优势明显,种植业和渔业完全没有比较优势。北京各区县比较,延庆县、密云县、平谷区、大兴区、通州区、顺义区、房山区农业占相当大比重。从农业内部结构看,种植业在丰台区、平谷区、昌平区、大兴区、通州区的比较优势明显,林业在门头沟区、朝阳区、丰台区、昌平区、怀柔区、海淀区比较优势明显,牧业在怀柔区、密云县、房山区、顺义区、门头沟区、延庆县有一定的比较优势,农业服务业在海淀区、朝阳区比较优势非常突出。籍此,结合北京市的资源禀赋、区位条件等,北京都市型现代农业产业的发展应按照近郊农业圈、远郊农业圈、山区生态涵养发展圈、合作农业圈4个圈层进行布局。

Based on location quotient technique, we analyzed the comparative advantages of agricultural sub-sectors of Beijing municipality over surrounding provinces, and those among 18 districts and counties of Beijing. The appropriate industrial composition of urban modern agriculture for Beijing municipality was advanced. The research resuhs indicate no significant comparative advantage of agricuhure industry of Beijing over other surrounding provinces; no advantage for crop and fish culture; but there is a significant advantage for forestry and animal husbandry. Among the districts and counties of Beijing, agricuhure still has a higher proportion in local industrial economics of Yanqing, Miyun, Pinggu, Daxing, Tongzhou, Shunyi and Fangshan. For the inner structure of agriculture, crop production is higher in Fengtai, Daxing, Pinggu, Changping and Tongzhou. Comparative advantage of forestry is remarkable for Mentougou, Chaoyang, Fengtai, Changping, Huairou and Haidian. Animal production is comparatively advantageous for Huairou, Miyun, Fangshan, Shunyi, Mentougou and Yanqing. Agricultural service is outstanding （from the perspective of comparative advantage） in Haidian and Chaoyang. Consequently, in combination with natural resources and position situation, the overall arrangement of industrial development in urban agriculture in Beijing can be categorized into four different cycles： suburban agricultural cycle, exurb-plain agricultural cycle, mountain-ecology agricuhural cycle, and cooperative agricultural cycle.