宁夏灌区农田退水污染形成原因及防治对策

Influencing factors and countermeasures of irrigation return flow pollution in Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District

对宁夏引黄灌区退水污染现状分析发现,宁夏引黄灌区200条大小排水沟中,13条污染严重,主要污染物为氨氮、总磷、氟化物、COD、BOD等,且均超标严重。在此基础上,分析指出客观的自然地理条件、农用化学物质的大量使用、落后的排灌工程体系以及传统的农业生产方式和管理方式是导致灌区农田退水携带大量的污染物质进入黄河的主要原因,并结合这种现状提出了加强灌区退水污染综合管理、强化科技支撑、增加资金投入、加大宣传力度等相应的污染防治对策,为灌区农田退水污染控制关键技术的进一步研究提供参考。

In this paper, the factors influencing pollution from irrigation return flow in Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District （NYRWID） was analyzed. Analysis on pollution in NYRWID from irrigation return flow indicates that among the 200 barrel-drains investigated, 13 are seriously polluted. The main pollutants include NH3^＋ -N, TP, fluorides, COD and BOD, all of which exceed safety limits. The results further show that the subjective natural conditions, used agricultural chemicals, obsolete irrigation projects and traditional production modes, enhance large amounts of pollutant movement trough irrigation return flows into the Yellow River. Pollution prevention and countermeasures advanced are referenced to further research. Prevention measures like strengthening management of irrigation return flow, intensifying scientific research, increasing financial investment and emphasizing water resources saving and protection can go a long way to abating pollution in NYRWID.