城市化对居民区白纹伊蚊孳生地特点影响的研究

Study on the effect of urbanization on the breeding characteristics of Aedes albopictus in residential area

目的探讨不同城市化程度居民区白纹伊蚊幼虫的孳生地特点,为控制白纹伊蚊密度提供依据。方法于2004年3月至2005年11月选择城市化程度高的佛山市城区和城市化程度低的揭阳市城中村为调查点,在选定的试验区按随机的原则,每5户选择1户调查其室内外白纹伊蚊幼虫的孳生情况,数据采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计。结果共调查7470户,积水5635处,阳性502处,阳性率6.72%,显示揭阳市城市化程度低的城中村居民区白纹伊蚊的孳生地类型主要为闲置容器(碗、瓶、缸、罐)和贮水容器(池、缸、盆),其阳性构成比分别为64.98%和18.77%,闲置容器的阳性构成比在每年的9月达到最大值为83.67%;佛山市居民区白纹伊蚊的孳生地类型主要为盆景、水生植物和闲置容器,其阳性构成比分别为45.52%和33.79%,闲置容器的阳性构成比每年的7-9月所占比例最大达100%,盆景、水生植物的阳性构成比在2004年、2005年5月所占比例较大,最大值达到75.00%,2005年5月后其所占比例为0。结论不同类型的居民区其白纹伊蚊的孳生地构成有一定的差别,并随着季节的变化而变化,城市化程度高的居民区白纹伊蚊的孳生地主要是盆景、水生植物和闲置容器,城市化低的城中村主要是闲置容器及贮水容器。

Objective To investigate the breeding characteristics of Aeries albopictus in urbanization residential area, which should provide the basis for the control of Ae. albopictus. Methods The study was carried out in the village of Jieyang city and high-urbanization downtown of Foshan from March 2004 to November 2005. Water containers were detected in and around one household which was randomly selected every 5 households. The data were analyzed by software SPSS 11.0. Results Of 5635 txxssible breeding sites in 7470 houses, invest/gated, 502（6.72% ） were positive. In the village of Jieyang, the major breeding containers included unused container （jars, bottles and tins, etc. ） and water reservoir receptacles with the positive constitute ratio of 64.98% and 18.77% respectively. The positive constitute ratio of unused containers reached the maximum in September every year. But in residential area of Foshan city, the major breeding containers were made up of water vases in which the flowers and plants grow and unused containera, and the positive constitute ratio of them were 45.52 % and 33.79 % respectively. The positive constitute ratio of unused containers was in the peak from July to September, and that in miniascape and water plant was the highest in 2004 and May 2005 with the value of 75.00 %. But the result was zero after May 2005. Conclusion There were different among the breeding sites in different residential area, which varied with season. The breeding containers in increasing urbanization cities were mainly miniascape, water plant and unused containers, but in low urbanization village, the breeding sites were mainly the unused containers and water reservoir receptacle.