居民区控制登革热媒介蚊虫的方法与效果探索

Study on the control methods and control effect of the vector of dengue fever in residential area in Shanghai

目的对居民区采用孳生地管理和文化防制相结合的方法来评价控制登革热媒介白纹伊蚊的效果,探索这种控制措施的成本以及推广的可行性。方法于2007年5-10月,选择普陀区师大三村和杨浦区的长恒苑为实验区,选择与实验区条件相似的小区为对照区,实验区采取专业人员每周2次检查清除各种小容器积水,每10天检查处理下水道、雨水井、明沟,同时宣传蚊虫的防治知识,上门动员和督促居民及时清除天井、阳台等处的各类容器积水,对照区则采取常规控制措施(突击灭蚊)。采用容器指数、孳生地阳性率、叮人法和人工小时法成蚊密度等指标评价实验区的控制效果。结果(1)6-9月居民户室内积水容器阳性率得到有效控制,实验区月平均阳性率5.56%,明显低于对照区16.81%;(2)6-9月实验区居民外环境积水阳性率平均4.74%,对照区为14.85%,二者间阳性率差异有统计学意义(u=4.503,P<0.01);(3)7-9月人诱法白纹伊蚊成蚊密度实验区分别为0.60、1.33和0.50只/30min,对照区分别为7.83、7.67和5.00只/30min;(4)6-9月人工小时法白纹伊蚊成蚊密度实验区为1.80只/h,对照区为5.80只/h;(5)防治成本按照控制面积计算,实验区每月支出人工和药物费用约为0.08元/m2,对照区每月支出约为0.05元/m2。结论社区采用上述孳生地管理和文化防治相结合的措施,能有效地将社区内白纹伊蚊幼虫孳生率和成蚊密度控制在较低水平,控制成本(0.08元/m2)处于居委会和物业部门可接受范围内,有利于推广应用。

Objective To evaluate the control effect of the measures that breeding management combinating with culture propagation to dengue fever vector-Aeries albopictus in residential area, and to explore possibility of this measure popularization. Methods During May-October, clean out water in the containers at two times per weeks intervals and to inspect sewer and rainwater well at ten-days intervals in test area, and at the same time strengthen the culture propagation of mosquito control. However, take the common control methods in control area. To evaluate the effect with container index, breeding positive rate and adult density captured by man-bait and man-hour methods in test area. Results （1） The breeding positive rate of test area （5.56%） was lower than the control area （16.81%） during Jun-September. （2） There was significant difference between the breeding positive rate of outside environmental in test area （4.74 % ） and that of the control area （14.85%）（u= 4.503, P〈0.01）. （3） The adult density captured by man bait method was 0.60, 1.33 and 0.50 mosquito per 30 min from July to September in test area respectivdy, which was lower than 7.83, 7.67 and 5.00 mosquitoes of the control areas. （4） The adult density captured by man-hour was 1.80 mosquitoes per hour in test area, and the control was 5.80 mosquitoes. （5） The control cost was 0.08 Yuan per square meter in test area, but it was only 0.05 Yuan in control area. Conclusion To control efficiently breeding and adult density of A. albopictus in residential area by the methods that breeding control combinating with culture propagate. The control cost was within the acceptance of resident committee and property department, and so it could be popularized in the future.