自由基聚合近20年的发展

Progress of Free Radical Polymerization in Recent Years

自由基聚合是在上世纪50年代发展起来的,已成为工业生产高分子产品的重要技术。自由基聚合由通用自由基聚合而发展为今天的活性/控制自由基聚合,是近20多年的事情。通用自由基合的研究主要是高活性引发剂、氧化还原体系及多功能引发体系,ESR和激光技术在动力学和自由基精细结构测定的应用等。而活性自由基聚合由最初的引发转移终止剂活性自由基聚合(iniferter),演变为氮氧自由基调控聚合(NMP)或稳定自由基聚合(SFRP),原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),茂钛金属/环氧化物自由基开环引发聚合,可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合,碘转移自由基聚合和有机碲、有机锑调控聚合等活性/控制自由基聚合。本文就以上各方面的研究进展进行简要的综述。

The progress of conventional radical polymerization and living/controlled radical polymerization is briefly reviewed. The conventional radical polymerization involves high active initiators, amine-containing redox initiation system and polyfunctional initiators. Living radical polymerization such as iniferters, and living/controlled radical polymerization such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization （NMP）/stable free radical polymerization （SFRP）, transition metal-catalyzed radical polymerization or atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） including using C-C type compounds and S-S type compound as initiator, as well as the pseudo-halalogen transfer in normal and reverse ATRP, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） polymerization/macromolecular design via interchange of xanthate （MADIX） process, iodine transfer polymerization and organotellurium- or organostibine-mediated living radical polymerization （TERP or SBRP） are summarized.