历代转注研究述评

Study on the Mutual Explanation of Chinese Characters in Different Dynasties

宋元明时期,关于转注的研究主要有形转说、声转说、义转说、文字组合说。清代有的学者继承了宋元明时期的声转说或义转说,有的学者提出了新的观点,如互训说、引申说、义转音近说、省文说、多义字加注偏旁说等。现代学者关于转注的解释,从体用的角度上来看可以分为两大派,即用字法说与造字法说。无论是用字法说还是造字法说,基本上没有超出宋代至清代关于转注的研究范围,只有章太炎先生的转注说可谓独树一帜,但不少学者认为这种学说实际上讲的是语言学上的问题,而不属于六书的范畴。在认为转注是造字之法的学者当中,有的对转注字的产生方式及其类型作了比较深入的研究。

In the period of the Dynasties of Song, Yuan and Ming （A.D.960 -1628） the study of the mutual explanations of the Chinese characters were divided into four categories such as the notes of visible extension, sound extension, righteousness extension and the writing character combination. In the period of the Qing Dynasty（1644- 1911） some scholars had inherited the views of sound extension and righteousness extension; some scholars proposed some new view points such as the notes of mutual explanation, expansion, righteousness warble tone, omission some old meanings and polysemy additional and so on. The modern scholars who study the Chinese characters and make comments on the mutual explanations of the Chinese characters can be into two schools i.e. the school of application of the Chinese characters and the school of coinage; whether the applied characters system or the coinage characters, they always basically follow the mutual explanations of the Chinese characters in the scope of the explanations in the Song to the Qing Dynasties. However, only Mr. ZHANG Tai-yan＇s mutual explanation of Chinese character could be a new school. Some scholars commented ZHANG school not to belong the Six Categories of Chinese characters but to the linguistic issue. Among the scholars who regard mutual explanation of the Chinese character as coinage, some made a comparative st.udy and research on mutual explanation.