支气管哮喘急性发作并发气胸的临床特点分析

Clinical analysis of pneumothorax caused by acute attack of bronchial asthma

目的：探讨支气管哮喘急性发作并发气胸的临床特点。方法：对２４例支气管哮喘并发气胸的患者，从哮喘程度与病程、诱发因素、临床表现、Ｘ线胸片检查、气胸类型、治疗及转归等方面进行综合分析。结果：本组并发气胸者以中或重度哮喘、病程超过１２年且有明显发病诱因（剧咳、呕吐、用力）者为多，所占百分比分别为３３．２％、４５．９％、６３．０％和６６．７％；气胸临床症状不典型，９５．８％经Ｘ线胸片确诊，４５．８％为张力性气胸。２４例均治愈出院。结论：支气管哮喘急性发作应高度警惕并发气胸的可能。一经确诊，迅速有效地排气减压是抢救患者生命的关键。

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of pneumothorax caused by acute attack of bronchial asthma.Methods:Twentyfour cases of bronchial asthma induced pneumothorax were synthetic analyzed,including the course and severity of asthma,induced factors,clinical feature,chest xray,pneumothorax type,therapy and prognosis etc.Results:There were certain characteristics in most patients of this group,such as the severity of asthma was moderate (33 2%) or severe (45 9%),the course of disease was over 12 years (63 0%),the induced factors were presented include severe cough,vomitting and forced etc(66 7%).In addition,the clinical feature was atypical in 95 8% patients,who was diagnosed by chest xray examination,and 45 8% patients were diagnosed as pressure pneumothorax.All 24 cases were cured.Conclusions:The possibility of pneumothorax generation should be considered during acute attack of bronchial asthma,it is very important to immediate,effective exsufflation and decompression for securing the critical patients.