表层岩溶泉的水资源管理与开发工程设计

Water Resources Management and Exploitation Design of Epikarst Spring

表层岩溶泉的水资源通常在时间分配上很不均匀,利用水窖可以将雨季剩余的水资源储存下来供枯季利用。水窖的容积、泉能够提供的最大日用水定额以及某个时段的水资源最大利用量三者是相互联系的变量,如何确定他们是一个水资源优化管理问题,利用专门为之设计的遗传算法可以对这个问题求解。以广西马山县古零镇弄拉表层岩溶泉为例,利用遗传算法对水资源进行优化管理,设计出满足水资源利用量最大化的最佳水窖容积和最大日用水定额。计算结果还表明水窖的初始存水量和用来优化计算的泉流量序列对优化的结果有很大的影响。以此建议在雨季修建水窖,并且水窖利用之前应该预先存入尽量多的水。此外还提供了水窖容积和日最大用水定额之间的定量关系,作为工程设计的参考。

Water resources of epikarst spring in dry season are not as much as that in rainy season. So a small reservoir is needed to keep the water resources. The volume of reservoir, daily-consumed water resources and total consumed water resources in a period are related with each other. The problem to be solved is how to determine them. It can be considered as a problem of optimal water resources management, and can be solved with the genetic algorithm program. This special genetic algorithm （GA） was used for the Nongla epikarst spring. The max. daily-consumed water resources and related volume of reservoir were obtained for the spring. It also indicated that the initial water resources in the reservoir and discharge of the spring had important impact on the optimal result. Three advices were provided based on the study： （1） The reservoir should be built in rainy season; （2） There should be water resources as much as possible in the reservoir before consuming; （3） The volume of reservoir could also be gotten from actual daily consumed water resources according to the linear relationship between them.