珠江三角洲都市经济区地域构成的判别与分析

The Classification and Analysis of Areal Topology in Extended Metropolitan Area of Pearl River Delta

随着经济全球化和城市化进程的加快,单个城市的竞争逐渐转变为城市区域的竞争。都市经济区是在国家战略需求的推动下应势而生的新概念,已经广泛应用于全国国土规划和主体功能区划。准确把握都市经济区内部的地域构成有助于进行有效地加强区域管理和空间调控。以往的相关研究主要集中于宏观分析或以区县为单元的空间分析,从功能空间的角度对都市经济区内部地域构成的研究较少,更缺少准确科学的划分和判读方法。为了准确把握区域空间利用中的主要问题和潜在威胁,规划者和政府官员需要探索判定都市经济区地域构成的新方法。文章在总结当前几种主要的地域类型判读方法优缺点的基础上,深入探讨了运用遥感和GIS手段进行区域地域构成判别的思路,并成功应用于珠江三角洲内部地域构成的空间分析。研究发现,当前珠江三角洲都市经济区正经历着大规模的城镇化,大都市的发展无序蔓延,存在的用地粗放、结构混杂、功能有待优化等问题,工业区、居住区等用地的空间分布呈现较明显的向心型分布和交通导向型分布特征,同种地域类型的集聚性分布明显增强。通过从单要素和整体特征上认识和把握珠江三角洲地域构成与空间组织特征,可以有的放矢地进行空间管理和调控。还有助于深化区域地域构成的认识和空间结构的监测和分析,也可作为制定土地利用政策的依据,为从区域尺度上制定空间政策提供了新的参考依据。

With rapid economic globalization and urbanization, the competition between single cities has been converted into that of city-regions. The concept of Extended Metropolitan Region （EMR） appeared with the demand of national strategic development, and it has been widely accepted in regional planning and function-oriented zoning. Therefore, it is an important issue to study the classification and evolvement of areal topology of EMR for strengthening regional management and spatial planning. So far, few studies on feasible and scientific classification and identification method of areal topology have been developed. In order to identify the prominent problems and potential threat in the spatial use in the future, planners and policy-makers need improved methods for analyzing the areal topology of EMR. Based on the review of literature, this study presents classification method of areal topology with RS and GIS methods. Taking Pearl River Delta as an example, it discussed the detailed method and procedures of data-processing. Due to shortage and wasteful use of land the governments in Pearl River Delta are eager for alternative measures to control disordered use and spatial sprawl of urban land. It was found from this study that Pearl River Delta are undergoing large scale urbanization characterized by continuous sprawls between metropolises, scattered industrial spaces and living spaces along the main transportation line or around the central city, merging of similar kind of areal topologies. With the method, some rules of the areal topology and their spatial organizations of the Pearl River Delta EMR were identified. Furthermore, we proposed some countermeasures of spatial management and adjustment. This study showed the usefulness of combining remotely sensed satellite images with GIS analysis in monitoring and analyzing areal topology and landscape patterns. It also showed that remote sensing earl be effectively used to study spatially explicit urban land-use policies. Furthermore, the application of satellite images and Google Earth enhanced the regional scale analysis that was not available by previous research on urban policies.