殷墟花东H3卜辞时代再探讨

A Re-Investigation of the Duration Period of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Unearthed at the H_3 Eastern Locus at Huayuanzhuang,Yinxu

殷墟花东甲骨自全部发表以来,有关其时代的论证,目前主要有三种学术观点,分别是小乙时期至武丁早期、武丁早期和武丁晚期说。H3卜辞中的人物,大约有130多位,他们大多数是武丁王室成员,通过对这些人物的研究,可以确证H3卜辞属于武丁时期。在H3卜辞中,有生前的商王武丁和武丁配偶——妇好,妇好的存在说明H3卜辞的时代最迟晚不过武丁中期。笔者通过对祖甲、祖乙和妣庚身份的论证,认为H3卜辞中的祖乙为王卜辞中的武丁之父小乙,并由此确定了H3卜辞时代最早早不过武丁早期,应当是武丁即位以后的时段。笔者又通过H3卜辞中"子"对南土的战争与武丁宾组和自组卜辞中商王对南土的战争比较,认为H3卜辞的时代为武丁早期向中期过渡的阶段,相当于自组卜辞与武丁时期宾组卜辞交叉阶段。

The author,from the Research Centre of Oracle Bone Science and Culture of the Yin-Shang Dynasty at Anyang Normal University,argues that since the publication of the complete oracle bone finds from the H_3 Eastern Locus at Huayuanzhuang in Yinxu,three main viewpoints on their date have emerged,namely,they belong to:(1)the period from Xiao Yi to Wu Ding;(2)the early period of Wu Ding;or(3)the later period of the reign of Wu Ding. Approximately 130 names of persons have been identified,and most of these are members of the royal household of Wu Ding.Through a study of these people,the author affirms that the H_3 oracle bones at the Eastern Locus at Huayuanzhuang can be dated to the reign of Wu Ding.Furthermore,the presence of the name Fu Hao,King Wu Ding's consort,among the H_3 inscriptions shows that the oracle bones cannot be later than the mid-period of the reign.The author also identifies the name Zu Yi that appears in the inscriptions as the father of the Wu Ding,Xiao Yi,who appears in the royal(Wang)group of inscriptions and,on the basis of this the author narrows the date down to no earlier than the early period of the reign of Wu Ding,and therefore to a time after his accession to the throne.Comparing the oracle bones that mention the‘Zi’warring with the south and references to other groups of Wu Ding oracle bones,the date of the H_3 oracle bones is further narrowed down to the transitional period from the early to middle period of Wu Ding's reign,thereby overlapping with two other groups of Wu Ding-related oracle bones.